|
KMID : 0377619960610030211
|
|
Korean Jungang Medical Journal
1996 Volume.61 No. 3 p.211 ~ p.214
|
|
|
Regulation of Cytokine Gene Expression
|
|
Choi, Inpyo
Kang, Hyung Sik/Pyum, Kwnag Ho
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
Cytokines are procduced by a variety of immune cells and non-immune-cells, and involved in many immune reactions and immune diseases. They are main mediators of the communication of immune cells, cellular and humoral immune reponses. So far, 15 different interleukines, chemokines, IFN, and TNF families have been cloned and characterized, but sits many other functions are yet to be determined.
In T cell development, there are two different types of cytokines are involved. IL-12- in duces the development Th1 cells, which secret IFNr. Meanwhile, IL-4 induces the development of Th2 cells, which secret IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10.
Each cytokines has its own- receptor with very specific affinity. Cytokine receptors can deliver the signals into the cells, using different signaling molecules. Protein tyrosine kinases such as jak kinases are associated wioth receptors and involved in eartly steps of signal transduction. Several stat proteins, then, deliver the signals in to the necleus to activate the transcription machinery. Multiple myeloma(MM) is a disorder of B cell proliferation characterized by monoclonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells(myeloma cells) and marked suppression of all normal immunoglobulin synthesis1). Clinical features of MM appear infections2-4) . They are mainly due to malignant transformation of a single clone of plasma cells. The majority of myeloma cells are mostly located in the bone marrow(BM), since stromal cells present a variety of adhesion molecules and trap myeloma cells there, strongly suggesting that microenvironments within BM, where these cells receive the signals leading to proliferation, and terminal differentiation, are important5-7)BM stromal cells stimulate proliferation and differentiation of myeloma cells through cell-tocell interaction, and by secretion of soluble mediators, Thus, these cells are a major source of several cytokines, and play the important roles in the regulation of hematopoiesis and B cell malignancy.
IL-6, previously known as B cell differentiation factor8-9), B cell stimulatory factor-2, 26 KD protein10), interferon ?211) hepato-cyte stimulatory factor12-13)and plasmacytoma hybridoma growth factor14), is a multifuntional cytokine that is produced by a variety types of cells, and acts on many kinds of target cells in immune, hematopoietic and inflammatory systems. Also, it has been reported that IL-6 was involved in the funal differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin secreting cells9)14) , the expression of myelomoncytic antigens, activation of T cells, induction of acute phase protein synthesis in the liver cells12,13)and proliferation of some tumor cells15). IL 6 expression could be induced by inflammation, viral infection, and other cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-?. Deregulation of its expression is related to the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as autoimmune diseases9)16)17) chronic inflammation, glomerulonephritis18), and plasma cell
|
|
|
KEYWORD
|
|
|
|
|
|
FullTexts / Linksout information
|
|
|
|
|
|
Listed journal information
|
|
|
|
|